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Unlike other retailers, when it comes to quality vitamins and supplements, we don’t just talk the talk—we research, take a fine-tooth comb to, and deliberate over each ingredient allowed in the supplements we carry on our shelves. We never take lightly the fact that you’ve trusted us with your health—and that’s why all the supplements we carry go through a rigorous screening process by our quality standards experts. If we won't take it, you won't find it here. In fact, what you won’t find on our shelves is as important as what you will find. We've put together a growing list of the most problematic supplement ingredients, many of which are still commonly found in supplements at other retailers and online—but never here.
As new research becomes available, an ingredient that might not have been considered problematic may now be an ingredient of concern or unacceptable. Read more about grandmothered and limited ingredients.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "DHEA" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Even though Active Agave™ has a better fructose to glucose ratio than traditional agave, all agave is high processed.
Please see "Agave—Grandmothered & Limited" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
[i] Willems J, Low N. Major carbohydrate, polyol, and oligosaccharide profiles of agave syrup. Application of this data to authenticity analysis. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 3(60): 8745-8754
[ii] Bray GA. Fructose: Pure, White, and Deadly? Fructose, by Any Other Name, Is a Health Hazard. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010; 4(4): 1003-1007
[iii] Teff, K. L., Elliott, S. S., Tschöp, M., Kieffer, T. J., Rader, D., Heiman, M., Townsend, R. R., Keim, N. L., D'Alessio, D., & Havel, P. J. (2004). Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 89(6), 2963–2972. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031855
[iv] Jegatheesan, P. De Bandt, J-P. (2017). Fructose and NAFLD: the multifaceted aspects of fructose metabolism. Nutrients, 9(3), 230. doi: 10.3390/nu9030230
[v] Teff, K. L., Elliott, S. S., Tschöp, M., Kieffer, T. J., Rader, D., Heiman, M., Townsend, R. R., Keim, N. L., D'Alessio, D., & Havel, P. J. (2004). Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 89(6), 2963–2972. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031855
[vi] Maldonado-Guevara, B.I., Mart ń del Campo, S.T., Cardador-Mart ńez, A. (2018). Production process effect on Mexican agave syrups quality: a preliminary study. J Food Res, 7(3), 50-57. doi:10.5539/jfr.v7n3p50
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
[i] Jiang, S., Xiao, W., Zhu, X., Yang, P., Zheng, Z., Lu, S., …Liu, J. (2020). Review on D-allulose: In vivo metabolism, catalytic mechanism, engineering strain construction, bio-production technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 8, 26. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00026
[ii] Watson, E. (2009, May 13). Tate & Lyle: ‘The first two things consumers look for on the Nutrition Facts Panel now are calories and sugar’. Food Navigator USA website. Retrieved November 24, 2020 from https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2019/05/13/Tate-Lyle-talks-allulose-The-first-two-things-consumers-look-for-on-the-Nutrition-Facts-panel-now-are-calories-and-sugar#
[iii] Han, Y., Choi, B.R., Kim, S.Y., Bim, S-B., Kim, Y.H, Kwon, E-Y., Choi. M-S. (2018). Gastrointestinal tolerance of D-allulose in healthy young adults. A non-randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 10(12), 2010. doi: 10.3390/nu10122010
Please see "Graviola (Annonna muricata)" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
[i] https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/26/nyregion/imported-bitter-apricot-pits-recalled-as-cyanide-hazard.html?sec=health)
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
[i] Food Dyes - Center for Science in the Public Interest. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/food-dyes-rainbow-of-risks.pdf
[ii] Food Dyes - Center for Science in the Public Interest. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/food-dyes-rainbow-of-risks.pdf
[iii] Children’s Environmental Health Center, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency. (2021, Apr). Potential neurobehavior effects of synthetic food dyes in children. Retrieved from: https://oehha.ca.gov/risk-assessment/press-release/report-links-synthetic-food-dyes-hyperactivity-and-other
[i] Schlagheck, T.G., Riccardi, K.A., Zorich, N.L., Torri, S.A., Dugan, L.D., Peters, J.C. (1997). Olestra dose response on fat-soluble and water soluble nutrients in humans. J Nutr, 127(8 Suppl), 1646S-1665S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/127.8.1646S
[ii] Jacobson, M. F. (2004, October 21). Re: Docket No 87F-0179 [Letter to Lester Crawford, U.S. Food and Drug Administration]. Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington D.C.. Retrieved from https://www.cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/9th_report_letter.pdf
[i] Maeda, M. Hooya, T., Yoshioka, K., Miyafuji, H. Ohno, H, Yamada, T. (2018). Vanillin production from native softwood lignin in the presence of tetrabutylammonium ion. J Wood Sci, 64, 810-815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-018-1766-0
[ii] Berenstein, N. (Nov 23, 2015). The inexorable rise of synthetic flavor: a pictorial history. Popular Science website. Retrieved 11/05/20 from https://www.popsci.com/history-flavors-us-pictorial/
[iii] Hallagan, J.B., Hall, R.L. (2009). Under the conditions of intended use – new developments in the FEMA GRAS program and the safety assessment of flavor ingredients. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(2), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.011
Their safety is still highly questionable. Nearly all of the research that has shown them to be “safe” has been performed by the artificial sweetener industry, while independent, non-industry sponsored research has consistently found safety concerns.[xvii] [xviii]
[i] Fowler, S.P., Williams, K., Resendez, R.G., Hunt, K.J., Hazuda, H.P., Stern, M.P. (2012). Fueling the obesity epidemic? Artificially sweetened beverage use and long-term weight gain. Obesity, 16:1894-1900. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.284
[ii] Hess, E.L., Myers, E.A., Swithers, S.E., Hendrick,V.E. (2018). Associations between nonnutritive sweetener intake and metabolic syndrome in adults. J Am Coll Nutr, 37(6), 487-493. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1440658
[iii] Dhingra, R., Sullivan, L., Jacques, P.F., Wang, T.J., Fox C.S., Meigs, J.B.,…Vasan, R.S. (2007). Soft drink consumption and risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in the community. Circulation, 116, 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.689935
[iv] Lutsey, P.L., Steffen, L.M., Stevens, J. (2008). Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation, 117,754-761. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716159
[v] Schernhammer, E.S., Bertrand, K.A., Birmann, B.M., Sampson, L., Willet, W.C., Feskanich, D. 2012). Consumption of artificial sweetener- and sugar-containing soda and risk of lymphoma and leukemia in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr, 96(6), 1419-1428. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030833
[vi] Andreatta, M.M., Muñoz, S.E., Latieri, M.J., Eynard, A.R., Navarro, A. (2008). Artificial sweetener consumption and urinary tract tumors in Cordoba, Argentina. Preventative Medicine, 47(1), 136-139. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.03.015
[vii] Sturgeon, S.R., Hartge, P., Silverman, D.T., Kantor, A.F., Linehan, W.M., Lynch, C., Hoover, R.N. (1994). Associations between bladder cancer risk factors and tumor stage and grade at diagnosis. Epidemiology, 5(2), 218-225. DOI:10.1097/00001648-199403000-00012
[viii] Abd El-Samad, A.A. (2010). Light and electron microscopic study on the cerebellar cortex of male albino rat. Egyp J Histol, 33(3), 419-430. DOI: Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6465/68d84a55f1ba03530cd577fd7c82b47c1e23.pdf
[ix] Soffritti, M., Belpoggi, F., Esposti, D.D., Lambertini, L. (2005). Aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats. European Journal of Oncology, 10(2), 107-116. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225029050_Aspartame_induces_lymphomas_and_leukaemias_in_rats
[x] Soffritti, M., Belpoggi, F., Degli Esposti, D., Lambertinin, L., Tibaldi, E., Rigano, A. (2006). First experimental demonstration of the multipotential carcinogenic effects of aspartame administered in the feed to Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ Health Perspect, 114(3), 379-385. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8711
[xi] Romo-Romo, A., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Brito-Córdova, G.X., Gómez-Díaz, R.A., Almeda-Valdes, P. (2018). Sucralose decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 108(3), 485-491. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy152
[xii] Abu-Taweel, G.M., Zyadah, M.A., Ajarem, J.S., Ahmad, M. (2014). Cognitive and biochemical effects of monosodium glutamate and aspartame, administered individually and in combination in male albino mice. Neurotoxicity and Teratology, 42 (2014), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.001
[xiii] Lindseth, G.N., Coolahan, S.E., Petros, T.V., Lindseth, P.D. (2014). Neurobehavioral effects of aspartame consumption. Res Nurs Health, 37(3), 185-193. doi: 10.1002/nur.21595
[xiv] Bian, X., Tu, P., Chi, L., Gao, B., Ru, H., Lu, K. (2017). Saccharin induced liver inflammation in mice by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolic functions. Food and chemical Toxicology, 107, 530-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.045
[xv] Chi, L., Bian, X., Gao, B., Tu, P., Lai, Y., Ru, H., Lu, K. (2018). Effects of the artificial sweetener neotame on the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in mice. Molecules, 23(2), 367. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020367
[xvi] Schiffman, S.S., Nagle, H.T. (2019). Revisited: Assessing the in vivo data on low/no-calorie sweeteners and the gut microbiota. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 132, 110692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110692
[xvii] Mandrioli, D., Kearns, C.E., Bero, L.A. (2016). Relationship between research outcomes and risk of bias, study sponsorship, and author financial conflicts of interest in reviews of the effects of artificially sweetened beverages on weight outcome: a systematic review. PLoS One, 11(9), e0162198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162198
[xviii] Walton, R.G. (1999). Survey of aspartame studies: correlation to outcome and funding sources. Retrieved from http://www.lightenyourtoxicload.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Dr-Walton-survey-of-aspartame-studies.pdf
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Chemically modified fats" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
[i] Reissig, C.J., Strain, E.C., Griffiths, R.R. (2009, Jan). Caffeinated energy drinks—a growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend, 99(1-3), 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001
[ii] Kole, J. Barnhill, A. (2013, Sept). Caffeine content labeling: a missed opportunity for promoting personal and public health. J Caffeine Res, 3(3), 108-113. doi: 10.1089/jcr.2013.0017
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
[i] European Food Safety Authority. (2011). Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of caramel colours (E 150 a, b, c, d) as food additives. EFSA Journal, 9(3), 2004. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2004
[ii] https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/questions-answers-about-4-mei
[iii] n.a. 4-Methylimidazole Monograph. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Retrieved January 4, 2020 from https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono101-015.pdf
[iv] Group, E. (n.d.). EWG's food scores just took the work out of grocery shopping for me! Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https://www.ewg.org/foodscores/ingredients/16660CARAMELCOLOR
[v] European Food Safety Authority. (2011). Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of caramel colours (E 150 a, b, c, d) as food additives. EFSA Journal, 9(3), 2004. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2004
FDA certified color additives are generally identified by a letter prefix, the color, and then a number (e.g., FD&C Yellow #5).
Please see "Artificial colors" for more information.
[i] Sheikh, N.M., Philen, R.M., Love, L.A. (1997). Chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity. Arch Intern Med, 157(8), 913-919.
[ii] (2017). Chaparral. In LiverTox: Clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury [internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Bethesda, MD. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548355/
[iii] Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council Committee for the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of Dietary Supplements. (2005). Appendix J: Prototype focused monograph: Review of liver-related risks for chaparral. In Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety. National Academies Press. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216051/
[i] Shining the Spotlight on Trans Fats. (2018, July 12). Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fats-and-cholesterol/types-of-fat/transfats/
[ii] Afonso, M.S., Lavrado, M.S., Koike, M.K., Cintra, D.E., Ferreira, F.D., Nunes, V.S.,…Lottenberg, A.M. (2016). Dietary interesterified fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation. J Nutr Biochem, 32, 91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.005
[iii] Lavrado, M.S.F., Afonso, M.S., Cintra, D. E., Koike, M., Nunes, V.S., Demasi, M.,…Lottenberg, A.M. ( 2019). Interesterified fats induce deleterious effects on adipose tissue and liver in LDLr-LO mice. Nutrients, 11, 46. doi:10.3390/nu11020466
[iv] Ng, Y.T., Voon, P.T., Ng, T.K.W., Lee, V.K.M., Mat Sahri, M., Mohd Esa, N., …Ong, A.S.H. (2018). Interesterified palm olein (IEPalm) and interesterified stearic acid-rick fat blend (IEStear) have no adverse effects on insulin resistance: a randomized control trial. Nutrients, 10(8), pii. doi: 10.3390/nu10081112.
[v] D’avila L.F., Dias V.T., Vey, L.T., Milanesi, L.H., Roversi, K., Emanuelli, T., …Maurer, H.L. (2017). Toxicological aspects of interesterified fat: Brain damages in rats. Toxicology Letters, 276, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.020
[vi] Bendig, P., Maier, L., Vetter, W. (2012). Brominated vegetable oil in soft drinks – an underrated source of human organobromine intake. Food Chemistry, 133(3), 678-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.058
[vii] Vorhees, C.V., Butcher, R.E., Wootten, V., Brunner, R.L. (1983). Behavioral and reproductive effects of chronic developmental exposure to brominated vegetable oil in rats. Teratology, 28, 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420280302
[viii] Rarokar NR, Menghani S, Kerzare D, Khedekar B. Progress in synthesis of monoglycerides for use in pharmaceuticals. J Exp Food Chem. 2017 July; 3(3). https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/progress-in-synthesis-of-monoglycerides-for-use-in-food-andpharmaceuticals-2472-0542-1000128.pdf
[ix] EFSA ANS Panel. Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (E471) as food additives. EFSA Journal. 2017;15(11):5045. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5045
Please see "Chemically modified fats" for more information.
Please see "Chemically modified fats" for more information.
[i] Betz, J.M., Eppley, R.M., Taylor, W.C., Andrzejewski, D. (1994). Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in commercial comfrey products (Symphytum sp.). J Pharm Sci, 83(5), 649-653. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830511
[ii] (2017). Comfrey. In LiverTox: Clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury [internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548370/
Please see "Chaparral (Larrea tridentata)" for more information.
Please see "Artificial colors" for more information.
Please see "DHEA" for more information.
Please see "Genetically modified (GM) salmon or any other GM animal/seafood products" for more information.
[i] Dehyroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=dhea
[ii] Dehydroepiandrosterone. (n.d.). Retrieved January 25, 2021, from https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/medicine/33/000299.htm#:~:text=High%20doses%20of%20DHEA%20may,liver%20disease%20should%20avoid%20DHEA.
[iii] Rutkowski, K., Sowa, P., Rutkowska-Talipska, J., Kuryliszyn-Moskal, A. Rutowski, R. (2014). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): Hypes or Hopes.Drugs, 74, 1195-1207.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "Chemically modified fats" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Synthetic vitamin E" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Genetically modified (GM) salmon or any other GM animal/seafood products" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "GMO produced stevia glycosides" for more information.
Please see "Genetically modified (GM) salmon or any other GM animal/seafood products" for more information.
[i] Oke KB, Westley PAH, Moreau DRT, Fleming IA. Hybridization between genetically modified Atlantic salmon and wild brown trout reveals novel ecological interactions. Proc R Soc B. 2013 280 20131047.
[i] Schauss A. G. (1991). Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in humans from organogermanium compounds and germanium dioxide. Biological trace element research, 29(3), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03032683
[ii] Tao, S. H., & Bolger, P. M. (1997). Hazard assessment of germanium supplements. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 25(3), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1997.1098
[iii] Schauss A. G. (1991). Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in humans from organogermanium compounds and germanium dioxide. Biological trace element research, 29(3), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03032683
[i] Hasenhuettl, G.L., Hartel, R.W. (Eds) (2008). Food emulsifiers and their applications (2nd ed). New York, NY: Springer.
[ii] Wilbur, S, Jones, D., Risher JF, Crawford, J., Tencza, B., Llados, F., …Lockwood, L. (2012). Toxicological Profile for 1,4-dioxane. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US). APPENDIX D, HEALTH ADVISORY. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK153666/
[iii] Wenande, E., & Garvey, L. H. (2016). Immediate-type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 46(7), 907–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12760
[iv] Glover, M. L., & Reed, M. D. (1996). Propylene glycol: the safe diluent that continues to cause harm. Pharmacotherapy, 16(4), 690–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1996.tb03655.x
[i] Maggi, F., la Cecilia, D., Tang, F.H.M., McBratney, A. (2020). The global environmental hazard of glyphosate use. Science of the Total Environment, 717, 137167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137167
[ii] Samsel A, Seneff S. “Glyphosate’s Suppression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Amino Acid Biosynthesis by the Gut Microbiome: Pathways to Modern Diseases.” Entropy 2013 15(4):1416-1463. http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1416
[iii] Ya-xing Gui, et. al. “Glyphosate induced cell death through apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892036212000438
[iv] Swanson, N.L., Leu, A., Abrahamson, J., Wallet, B. (2014). Genetically engineered crops, glyphosate and the deterioration of health in the United States of America. J Organic Systems, 9(2), 6-37. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283462716_Genetically_engineered_crops_glyphosate_and_the_deterioration_of_health_in_the_United_States_of_America
[v] Kurenbach, B., Marjoshi, D., Amábile-Cuevas, C. F., Ferguson, G. C., Godsoe, W., Gibson, P., & Heinemann, J. A. (2015). Sublethal exposure to commercial formulations of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate cause changes in antibiotic susceptibility in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. mBio, 6(2), e00009-15. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00009-15
More information coming soon.
[i] What do we mean by Non-GMO? (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2020, from https://purevia.com/Nature/Non-GMO.aspx
[ii] Questions About EverSweet™ Stevia Sweetener. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2020, from https://www.cargill.com/food-beverage/na/eversweet-faqs
[iii] Roseboro, K. (2019, December 18). Experts: Non-GMO Certification of GMO-Derived Sweetener Sets a 'Dangerous Precedent'. Retrieved November 16, 2020, from https://www.ecowatch.com/eversweet-non-gmo-certification-2603754941.html
[i] Rady, I., Bloch, M.B., Chamcheu, R-C., N., Mbeumi, S.B., Anwar, M.R., Mohamed, H., ...Chamcheu, J.C. (2018). Anticancer properties of graviola (Annona muricata): a comprehensive mechanistic review. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018; 1826170. doi: 10.1155/2018/1826170
[ii] Höllerhage, M., Rösler, T.W., Berjas, M., Luo, R., Tran, K., Richards, K.M., ...Smith, R.E. (2015). Neurotoxicity of dietary supplements from Annonaceae species. Int J Toxicol, 34(6), 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1091581815602252
Please see "Chaparral (Larrea tridentata)" for more information.
Please see "Graviola (Annonna muricata)" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Human growth hormone (HGH)" for more information.
[i] (2019, Sept.). Human growth hormone. US Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2021 from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/hgh.pdf
[ii] US Food and Drug administration. (2020, October 8). Import alert 66- 7 one: detention without physical examination of human growth hormone (HGH), also known as somatropin. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_204.html
Please see 'Chemically modified fats' for more information.
[i] Oxidation and reduction - Redox, rusting and iron - (CCEA) - GCSE Chemistry (Single Science) Revision - CCEA - BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). Retrieved December 14, 2020, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z7rswty/revision/1
[ii] Voss, L., Hiao, I-L. Ebisch, M., Vidmar, J., Drejack, N., Böhmert, L. …Sieg, H. (2020). The presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in the food pigment E172. Food Chem, 327, 127000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127000
[iii] Sadeghi, L., Babadi,V.Y., Espanani, H.R. (2015). Toxic effects of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the liver and lung tissue. Bratisl Lek Listy, 116(6), 373-378. DOI: 10.4149/bll_2015_071
[iv] Seaton, A., Tran. L., Aitken, R., Donaldson, K. (2010). Nanoparticles, human health hazard and regulation. J R Soc Interface, 7(suppl 1), s119-s129. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0252.focus
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Caffeine or stimulant herbs added to boost caffeine content or have a stimulant effect" for more information.
[i] Drug Enforcement Administration. (April 2020). Katom [Drug Fact Sheet]. U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Kratom-2020_0.pdf
[ii] Brown. M. (May 6, 2016). States ban kratom supplement over abuse worries. U.S. News. Retrieved January 14, 2021 from https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2016-05-20/states-ban-kratom-supplement-over-abuse-worries
[iii] Kraoma. (August 7, 2020). Kratom legality 2021: map, legal status, and ban updates. Kraoma.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021 from https://kraoma.com/kratom-legality-united-states/
[iv] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018, February 21). FDA oversees destruction and recall of kratom products; and reiterates its concern on risks assoiciated with this opioid [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-oversees-destruction-and-recall-kratom-products-and-reiterates-its-concerns-risks-associated
Please see "Chemically modified fats" for more information.
Please see "Chaparral (Larrea tridentata)" for more information.
Please see "Glyphosate residues—Grandmothered & Limited" for more information.
Please see "Talc" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
[i] (2016, March 31). Recent FDA action on dietary supplements for which the product labeling lists methyl seneff written as a dietary ingredient [Constituent update]. https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/recent-fda-action-dietary-supplements-which-product-labeling-lists-methylsynephrine-dietary
[ii] Cohen, P.A., Avula, B., Venhuis, B., Travis, J.C., Wang, Y-H., Kahn, I.A. (2016, April 7). Pharmaceutical doses of the banned stimulant oxilofrine found in dietary supplements sold in the USA. Drug testing and analysis, 9 (1), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1976
Please see "Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Glyphosate residues—Grandmothered & Limited" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives"' for more information.
[i] n.a. Analysis finds hormone disruptor used in cosmetics in nearly 50 different foods. Environmental Working Group. April 8, 2015. https://www.ewg.org/release/analysis-finds-hormone-disruptor-used-cosmetics-nearly-50-different-foods
[ii] Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. 67th report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43592/WHO_TRS_940_eng.pdf?sequence=1
• Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring trans-fat that has many health supporting benefits. The CLA that is found in supplements is made via the partial hydrogenation of sunflower oil and is identical to CLA found naturally occurring in grass-fed dairy products that has demonstrated health supportive benefits.
• See “Chemically modified fats" for more information.
Please see "Glyphosate residues—Grandmothered & Limited" for more information.
Please see "White kidney bean" for more information.
Please see "White kidney bean" for more information.
More information coming soon.
[i] Singh, R.K., Wheildon, N., Ishikawa, S. (2016). Food additive P-80 impacts mouse gut microbiota promoting intestinal inflammation, obesity and liver dysfunction. SOJ Microbiol Infect Dis, 4(1). doi: 10.15226/sojmid/4/1/00148
[ii] Swindsinski, A., Ung, V., Sydora, B.C., Loening-Baucke, V., Doerffel, Y., Verstraelen, H., Fedorak, R.N. (2009). Bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of small intestine after carboxymethylcellulose ingestion in genetically susceptible mice. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15(3), 359-364. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20763.
[iii] Viennois, E., Merlin, D., Gewirtz, A.T., Chassaing, B. (2017). Dietary emulsifier-induced low-grade inflammation promotes colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Research, 77(1), 27-40. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1359
[iv] Martino, J.V., Van Limbergen, J., Cahill, L.E. (2017). The role of carrageenan and carboxymethylcellulose in the development of intestinal inflammation. Front Pediatr, 5(96). doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00096
[v] Chassaing, B., Van de Wiele, T., De Bodt, J., Marzorati, M., Gewirtz, A.T. (2017). Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. Gut, 66(8), 1414-1427. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313099
[i] Zaletel, K., Gaberšček, S. (2011). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: from genes to the disease. Curr Genomics, 12(8), 576-588. doi: 10.2174/138920211798120763
[ii] Kharrazian, D. (2010). Why do I still have thyroid symptoms? When my lab tests are normal. Garden City, NY: Morgan James.
[iii] Liontiris, M.I., Mazokopakis, E.E. (2017). A concise review of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and the importance of iodine, selenium, vitamin D and gluten on the autoimmunity and dietary management of HT patients. Points that need more investigation. Hell J Nucl Med, 20(1), 51-56. Retrieved from http://www.nuclmed.gr/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/10.pdf
[iv] Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board. (2001). Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
[i] The Proposition 65 List. (n.d.). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list
[ii] National Toxicology Program. (2016). 14th report on carcinogens. US Department of Health and Human Services. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/butylatedhydroxyanisole.pdf
[iii] Generally Recognized as Safe – But is it? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/research/ewg-s-dirty-dozen-guide-food-additives/generally-recognized-as-safe-but-is-it
[iv] EWG's Dirty Dozen Guide to Food Additives. (2014, November 12). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://www.ewg.org/research/ewg-s-dirty-dozen-guide-food-additives
[v] n.a. Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. Int J Toxicol. 2002 Oct;21(2_suppl):95-142. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/10915810290096522#articleCitationDownloadContainer
[vi] McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, et al. Food additives and hyperactive behavior in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Nov 3; 370(9598):1560-1567. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=McCann+D+(2007).+Food+additives+and+hyperactive+behaviour+in+3-year-old+and+8%2F9-year-old+children+in+the+community%3A+a+randomised%2C+double-blinded%2C+placebo+controlled+trial.+Lancet%2C+370%2C+1560-156
[vii] Van De Sande MMH, Wirtz S, Vos E, Verhagen H. Diamine tetra acetic acid as a food additive. Eur J Nutr & Food Safety. 2014;4(4):408-423. http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/EJNFS_30/2014/Jul/Sande442014EJNFS10405_1.pdf
[viii] (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cspinet.org/eating-healthy/chemical-cuisine#propyleneglycol
[ix] Burton GW, Traber MG, Acuff RV, et al. Human plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations in response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):669-684. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537614
[x] Van De Sande MMH, Wirtz S, Vos E, Verhagen H. Diamine tetra acetic acid as a food additive. Eur J Nutr & Food Safety. 2014;4(4):408-423. http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/EJNFS_30/2014/Jul/Sande442014EJNFS10405_1.pdf
[xi] n.a. (Nov 18, 2015) Ethoxyquin: EFSA safety assessment inconclusive. European Food Safety Authority. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/151118
[xii] Bucheli-Witschel M, Egli T. Environmental fate and microbial degradation of aminopolycarboxylic acids. FEMS Microbio Rev. 2001 Jan;25(1):69-106. https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/25/1/69/606255
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Glycols" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
More information coming soon.
Please see "GMO-produced stevia glycosides" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
Please see "GMO-produced stevia glycosides" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Genetically modified (GM) salmon or any other GM animal/seafood products" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
[i] Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet: Sodium Chlorite. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Retrieved from https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1689.pdf
[ii] FDA. (2019, August 12). FDA warns consumers about the dangerous and potentially life threatening side effects of miracle mineral solution. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 20, 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-warns-consumers-about-dangerous-and-potentially-life-threatening-side-effects-miracle-mineral
[iii] Romanovsky, A., Djogovic, D., & Chin, D. (2013). A case of sodium chlorite toxicity managed with concurrent renal replacement therapy and red cell exchange. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 9(1), 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-012-0256-9
[iv] FDA. (2019, August 12). FDA warns consumers about the dangerous and potentially life threatening side effects of miracle mineral solution. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 20, 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-warns-consumers-about-dangerous-and-potentially-life-threatening-side-effects-miracle-mineral
[v] (2018, Nov 30). Health Canada reminds Canadians of dangers of Miracle Mineral Solution after investigation leads to guilty plea and two-year sentence. Health Canada. https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en/alert-recall/health-canada-reminds-canadians-dangers-miracle-mineral-solution-after-investigation
[vi] (2020, Dec 31). Miracle mineral solution and sodium chlorite solutions. Food Standards Agency. https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/miracle-mineral-solution-and-sodium-chlorite-solutions#:~:text=Sodium%20chlorite%20is%20not%20an,(EU%20Exit)%20Regulations%202019.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Graviola (Annonna muricata)" for more information.
[i] Listing of Color Additives Exempt from Certification; Soy Leghemoglobin; 84 Fed. Reg. 37573 (Aug 1, 2019) (to be codified at 21 CFR 73). Available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/08/01/2019-16374/listing-of-color-additives-exempt-from-certification-soy-leghemoglobin
[ii] Fraser, R.Z., Shitut, M., Agrawal, P., Mendes, O., Klapholz, S. (2018). Safety evaluation of soy leghemoglobin protein preparation derived from Pichia pastoris, intended for use as a flavor catalyst in plant-based meat. Int J Toxicol, 37(3), 241-262. doi: 10.1177/1091581818766318
[iii] n.a. (June 25, 2019). Rat feeding study suggests the impossible burger may not be safe to eat. GMO Science. https://www.gmoscience.org/rat-feeding-studies-suggest-the-impossible-burger-may-not-be-safe-to-eat/
[iv] Jin, Y., He, X., Andoh-Kumi,K., Fraser, R.Z., Lu, M., Goodman, R.E. (2018). Evaluating potential risks of food allergy and toxicity of soy leghemoglobin expressed in Pichia pastoris. Mol Nutr Food Res, 62(1), 1700297. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700297
Please see "Glyphosate residues—Grandmothered & Limited" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
Please see "GMO-produced stevia glycosides" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Artificial sweeteners" for more information.
Please see "Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), internal sources" for more information.
[i] Higdon J. Vitamin E. Linus Pauling Insititute: Micronutrient Information Center. Updated May 2015. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-E
[ii] Challem J. Natural vs. Synthetic Vitamin E. Nutrition Science News. 2001 Nov. Available at: http://www.chiro.org/nutrition/FULL/Natural_vs_Synthetic_Vitamin_E.shtml
[iii] Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin E Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. National Institutes of Health website. Updated Nov 3, 2016. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/
[iv] Burton GW, Traber MG, Acuff RV, et al. Human plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations in response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):669-684. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537614
[i] FAQs: Modernization of the USP Talc Monograph. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.usp.org/frequently-asked-questions/talc-monograph
[ii] Richards, M. (2020, March 9). FDA in brief: FDA releases final report of talc- containing cosmetic products tested for asbestos. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-brief/fda-brief-fda-releases-final-report-talc-containing-cosmetic-products-tested-asbestos
[iii] Asbestos and Cancer Risk. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/asbestos.html
[iv] (2015, September 30). Talc used in food processing a health hazard, say researchers. Retrieved from https://www.foodprocessing.com.au/content/food-design-research/news/talc-use-in-food-processing-a-health-hazard-say-researchers-859641872
[v] Chang, C. J., Yang, Y. H., Chen, P. C., Peng, H. Y., Lu, Y. C., Song, S. R., & Yang, H. Y. (2019). Stomach Cancer and Exposure to Talc Powder without Asbestos via Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Population-Based Cohort Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(5), 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050717
[i] Grech, A., Breck, J., Heidelbaugh, J. (2014). Adverse effects of testosterone replacement therapy: an update on the evidence and controvery. Ther Adv Drug Saf, 5(5), 190-200. doi: 10.1177/2042098614548680
[ii] Gilbert, K., Cimmino, C. B., Beebe, L. C., & Mehta, A. (2017). Gaps in Patient Knowledge About Risks and Benefits of Testosterone Replacement Therapy. Urology, 103, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.12.066
Please see "Preservatives" for more information.
[i] Pele, L.C., Thoree, V., Bruggraber, S. F.A., Koller, D., Thompson, R, P.H., Lomer, M.C., Powell, J.J. (2015). Pharmaceutical/food grade titanium dioxide particles are absorbed into the bloodstream of human volunteers. Part Fibre Toxicol, 12, 26. doi: 10.1186/s12989-015-0101-9
[ii] Winkler, H. C., Notter, T., Meyer, U., & Naegeli, H. (2018). Critical review of the safety assessment of titanium dioxide additives in food. Journal of nanobiotechnology, 16(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0376-8
[iii] Bettini, S., Boutet-Robinet, E., Cartier, C., Coméra, C., Gaultier, E., Dupuy, J., …Houdeau, E. (2017). Food-grade TiO2 impairs intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, initiates preneoplastic lesions and promotes aberrant crypt development in the rat colon. Sci Rep, 7, 40373. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40373
[iv] Pinget, G., Tan, J., Janac, B., Kaakoush, N.O., Angelatos, A.S., O’Sullivan, J., …Macia, L. (2019). Impact of the food additive titanium dioxide (E171) on gut microbiota-host interaction. Front Nutr, 6, 57. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00057
[v] Winkler, H. C., Notter, T., Meyer, U., & Naegeli, H. (2018). Critical review of the safety assessment of titanium dioxide additives in food. Journal of nanobiotechnology, 16(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0376-8
[i] National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5634, Undecylenic acid. Retrieved August 24, 2022 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5634
Please see "Parabens" for more information.
Please see "Artificial flavors" for more information.
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